Tonegawa S: Somatic generation of antibody diversity.
Nature 1983,302(5909):575–581.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ichiara Y, Matsuoka H, Kurosawa Y: Organization of human immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene loci.
EMBO J 1988,7(13):4141–4150.
Google Scholar
Sanz I: Multiple mechanisms participate in the generation of diversity of human H chain CDR3 regions.
J Immunol 1991,147(5):1720–1729.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKean D, Hüppi K, Bell M, Staudt L, Gerhard W, Weigert M: Generation of antibody diversity in the immune response of BALBc mice to influenza virus hemagglutinin.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 1984,81(10):3180–3184.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wardemann H, Yurasov S, Schaefer A, Young JW, Meffre E, Nussenzweig MC: Predominant autoantibody production by early human B cell precursors.
Science 2003,301(5638):1374–1377.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goodnow C, Crosbie J, Adelstein S, Lavoie TB, Smith-Gill SJ, Brink RA, Pritchard-Briscoe H, Wotherspoon JS, Loblay RH, Raphael K, Trent RJ, Basten A: Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice.
Nature 1988,334(6184):676–682.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nemazee DA, Bürki K: Clonal deletion of B lymphocytes in a transgenic mouse bearing anti-MHC class I antibody genes.
Nature 1989,337(6207):562–566.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tiegs SL, Russell DM, Nemazee D: Receptor editing in self-reactive bone marrow B cells.
J Exp Med 1993,177(4):1009–1020.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gay D, Saunders T, Camper S, Weigert M: Receptor editing: an approach by autoreactive B cells to escape tolerance.
J Exp Med 1993,177(4):999–1008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goodnow C, Sprent J, Fazekas de St Groth B, Vinuesa CG: Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity.
Nature 2005,435(7042):590–597.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ichiyoshi Y, Casali P: Analysis of the structural correlates for antibody polyreactivity by multiple reassortments of chimeric human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain V segments.
J Exp Med 1994,180(3):885–895.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martin T, Crouzier R, Weber JC, Kipps TJ, Pasquali JL: Structure-function studies on a polyreactive (natural) autoantibody. Polyreactivity is dependent on somatically generated sequences in the third complementarity-determining region of the antibody heavy chain.
J Immunol 1994,152(12):5988–5996.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shiokawa S, Mortari F, Lima JO, Nuñez C, Bertrand FE 3rd, Kirkham PM, Zhu S, Dasanayake AP, Schroeder HW Jr: IgM heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 diversity is constrained by genetic and somatic mechanisms until two months after birth.
J Immunol 1999,162(10):6060–6070.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aguilera I, Melero J, Nuñez Roldan A, Sanchez B: Molecular structure of eight human autoreactive monoclonal antibodies.
Immunology 2001,102(3):273–280.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kaveri SV, Mouthon L, Ayouba A, Malanchère E, Coutinho A, Kazatchkine MD: Self-reactive antibodies (natural autoantibodies) in healthy individuals.
J Immunol Methods 1998,216(1–2):117–137.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayakawa K, Asano M, Shinton SA, Gui M, Allman D, Stewart CL, Silver J, Hardy RR: Positive selection of natural autoreactive B cells.
Science 1999,285(5424):113–116.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shlomchik MJ, Marshak-Rothstein A, Wolfowicz CB, Rothstein TL, Weigert M: The role of clonal selection and somatic mutation in autoimmunity.
Nature 1987,328(6133):805–811.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shlomchik M, Mascelli M, Shan H, Radic MZ, Disetsky D, Marshak-Rothstein A, Weigert M: Anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune mice arise by clonal expansion and somatic mutation.
J Exp Med 1990, 171:265–292.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winkler TH, Fehr H, Kalden JR: Analysis of immunoglobulin variable region genes from human IgG anti-DNA hybridomas.
Eur J Immunol 1992,22(7):1719–1728.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diamond B, Katz JB, Paul E, Aranow C, Lustgarten D, Scharff MD: The role of somatic mutation in the pathogenic anti-DNA response.
Annu Rev Immunol 1992, 10:731–757.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Casson LP, Manser T: Random mutagenesis of two complementarity determining region amino acids yields an unexpectedly high frequency of antibodies with increased affinity for both cognate antigen and autoantigen.
J Exp Med 1995,182(3):743–750.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ray SK, Putterman C, Diamond B: Pathogenic autoantibodies are routinely generated during the response to foreign antigen: a paradigm for autoimmune disease.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 1996, 93:2019–2024.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brezinschek HP, Brezinschek RI, Lipsky PE: Analysis of the heavy chain repertoire of human peripheral B cells using single-cell polymerase chain reaction.
J Immunol 1995, 155:190–202.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brezinschek HP, Foster SJ, Brezinschek RI, Dörner T, Domiati-Saad R, Lipsky PE: Differential effects of selection and somatic hypermutation on human peripheral
CD
5
+
IgM
+
and
CD
5
-
IgM
+
B cells.
J Clin Invest 1997,99(10):2488–2501.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kraj P, Friedman DF, Stevenson F, Silberstein LE: Evidence for the overexpression of the VH4–34 (VH4.21) Ig gene segment in the normal adult human peripheral blood B cell repertoire.
J Immunol 1995,154(12):6406–6420.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volpe J, Kepler T: Large-scale analysis of human heavy chain V(D)J recombination patterns.
Immunome Res 2008, 4:3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li Y, Spellerberg MB, Stevenson FK, Capra JD, Potter KN: The I binding specificity of human VH4–34 (VH4–21) encoded antibodies is determined by both VH framework region 1 and complementarity determining region 3.
J Mol Biol 1996,256(3):577–589.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Potter KN, Li Y, Capra JD: Staphylococcal protein A simultaneously interacts with framework region 1, complementarity-determining region 2, and framework region 3 on human VH3-encoded Igs.
J Immunol 1996,157(7):2982–2988.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Feeney AJ, Lawson BR, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice.
J Immunol 2001,167(6):3486–3493.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robey IF, Peterson M, Horwitz MS, Kono DH, Stratmann T, Theofilopoulos AN, Sarvetnick N, Teyton L, Feeney AJ: Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice and lupus-prone MRL-Fas(lpr) mice.
J Immunol 2004,172(7):4624–4629.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kepler TB: Codon bias and plasticity in immunoglobulins.
Mol Biol Evol 1997, 14:637–643.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wagner S, Milstein C, Neuberger M: Codon bias targets mutation.
Nature 1995, 376:732–732.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miura Y, Chu CC, Dines DM, Asnis SE, Furie RA, Chiorazzi N: Diversification of the Ig variable region gene repertoire of synovial B lymphocytes by nucleotide insertion and deletion.
Mol Med 2003,9(5–8):166–174.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volpe JM, Cowell LG, Kepler TB: SoDA: implementation of a 3D alignment algorithm for inference of antigen receptor recombinations.
Bioinformatics 2006,22(4):438–444.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar